如何终结mysql中文乱码

我自己都不知道为了中文问题烦恼了多少个日子，最恨瑞典人了-谁叫他发明了mysql，还设置了默认设置：latin1.曾经也在想假如中国人发明了 mysql（my see狗），呵呵，那么我们还有这样烦恼吗？默认的就是gk2312 或者gbk.倘若考虑到台湾朋友加一个big5.就得了。可是呢？事实不是这样的，没有办法，自己只好baidu一下，google一下，甚至yahoo 一下。能找到的方法都试过了，好久了，直到今天让我找到了，想明白了。所以急切和大家分享以下心得。
为了说的明白一些，我觉个例子：
很简单，就是从html中接受两个输入，然后由jsp处理写到mysql且从数据库返回这个结果显示出来。
Mysql_jstl.html

<html> <head> <title>CH14 - Mysql_jstl.html</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset= GB2312"> </head> <body> <h2>将信息存入 Mysql 中 - 使用 JSTL 写法</h2> <form name="form" action="Mysql_jstl.jsp" method="post" > <p>姓：<input name="last_name" type="text" id="last_name"></p> <p>名：<input name="first_name" type="text" id="first_name"></p> <p> <input type="submit" value="传送"> <input type="reset" value="取消"> </p> </form> </body> </html>

Mysql_jstl.jsp<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB2312" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" %> <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %> <html> <head> <title>CH14 - Mysql_jstl.jsp</title> </head> <body> <h2>将信息存入 Mysql 中 - 使用 JSTL 写法</h2> <fmt:requestEncoding value="GB2312" /> <c:set var="birth" value="1978/12/11" /> <c:set var="sex" value="F" /> <c:set var="email" value="aaa@asdf.com" /> <sql:setDataSource driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sample?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" user="root" password="44444" /> <sql:update> INSERT INTO employee(employee_id, last_name, first_name, birth, sex, emmail) VALUES ( ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? ) <sql:param value="${employee_id}" /> <sql:param value="${param.last_name}" /> <sql:param value="${param.first_name}" /> <sql:param value="${birth}" /> <sql:param value="${sex}" /> <sql:param value="${email}" /> </sql:update> <sql:query var="result"> SELECT * FROM employee </sql:query> 从 employee 取出所有新增的姓名：<br> <c:forEach items="${result.rows}" var="row" > 新增姓名：<c:out value="${row.last_name}" /> <c:out value="${row.first_name}" /><br> </c:forEach> </body> </html>

当然了，你也可在在建数据库的时候指定编码，比如：

CREATE DATABASE sample

CHARACTER SET utf8
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
COLLATE utf8_general_ci
DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci ;

接下来要做的是打开mysql所在的目录下的my.nin

mysql> show variables like '%character%';+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                                     |+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+| character_set_client     | latin1                                    || character_set_connection | latin1                                    || character_set_database   | utf8                                      || character_set_results    | latin1                                    || character_set_server     | utf8                                                                         | character_set_system     | utf8                                      || character_sets_dir       | C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0sharecharsets |+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+mysql> show variables like '%collation%';+----------------------+-------------------+| Variable_name        | Value             |+----------------------+-------------------+| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci || collation_database   | utf8_general_ci   || collation_server     | utf8_general_ci   |+----------------------+-------------------+

接着你再看看执行那个Mysql.html 文件：这回你可以看到的是
mysql> select * from employee;
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+------+--------------+
| employee_id | last_name | first_name | birth | sex | emmail |
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+------+--------------+
| 12 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 13 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 14 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 15 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 16 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 17 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+------+--------------+

这当然不是我们希望看到的，我们需要的现实完美正确的中文：
我们还有最后一招：
mysql> SET NAMES 'gbk' ;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
因为我们需要的是gbk.
看看mysql中的character设置情况：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%' ;
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%' ;
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | gbk_chinese_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

这个才是我们最终需要的。
在来查看执行完Mysql_jstl.jsp后的数据库中的结果：
mysql> select * from employee;
| 14 | 王 | 彭给 | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 15 | 田 | 王光 | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 16 | 息 | 存入 | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
| 17 | 往 | 小杯 | 1978-12-11 | f | aaa@asdf.com |
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+------+--------------+

可以高兴得看到了中文，并且在浏览器中也显示正确。

但是仅仅这样的话，当你重新启动mysql的时候
所有的设置又失效了。
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%' ;
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
重新读取又出现乱码：
mysql> select * from employee;
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+--
| employee_id | last_name | first_name | birth | s
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+--
| 12 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
| 13 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
| 14 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
| 15 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
| 16 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
| 17 | ? | ?? | 1978-12-11 | f
+-------------+-----------+------------+------------+--
所以我们需要在客户端设置系统能识别中文的编码gbk并没有保存到my.ini文件中。所以要修改my.ini文件

在[mysql]段加入一下代码改成：default-character-set=gbk 这样设置就得到保存了。
重启就可以了。mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------
| Variable_name            | Value
+--------------------------+----------------
| character_set_client     | gbk
| character_set_connection | gbk
| character_set_database   | utf8
| character_set_results    | gbk
| character_set_server     | utf8
| character_set_system     | utf8
| character_sets_dir       | C:MySQLMySQL
+--------------------------+----------------
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%collation%' ;
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | gbk_chinese_ci  |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+