参考文档

https://github.com/sysown/proxysqlhttp://www.fordba.com/mysql_proxysql_rw_split.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/6829983.html

腾讯云cdb可以提供主库VIP+只读从库VIP的形式，这样开发使用时需要维护2个VIP而且不能自动读写分离，基于现状计划使用proxysql结合clb及cdb来实现读写自动分离。
架构如下：
app--clb四层--proxysql--主vip+自读vip

一.ProxySQL部署
1.下载安装启动

[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v2.0.8/proxysql-2.0.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# rpm -ivh proxysql-2.0.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# systemctl start proxysql[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# systemctl enable proxysql[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# netstat -tulpn |grep 603tcp00 0.0.0.0:60320.0.0.0:* LISTEN26063/proxysqltcp00 0.0.0.0:60330.0.0.0:* LISTEN26063/proxysql 

2.登陆测试

[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P6032Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+| seq | name| file|+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+| 0 | main| || 2 | disk| /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db || 3 | stats | || 4 | monitor | || 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)MySQL [(none)]> 

二.ProxySQL配置

1.架构
node1 (vip 192.168.0.9:3306) , mysql master
node2 (vip 192.168.0.42:3306) , mysql slave
prxoy (192.168.8.24:6033) , proxysql
clb (vip 192.168.9.27:6033), clb proxysql
app (192.168.0.26), mysql client

2.proxysql上添加mysql主从数据库信息
proxysql上执行，将主库master也就是做写入的节点放到group 0中，salve节点做读放到group 1中
语法如下：

insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,max_replication_lag,comment) values(0,'192.168.0.9',3306,1,2000,10,'TESTuser');insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,max_replication_lag,comment) values(1,'192.168.0.42',3306,1,2000,10,'TESTuser');select * from mysql_servers;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,ax_replication_lag,comment) values(0,'192.168.0.9',3306,1,2000,10,'TESTuser');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,ax_replication_lag,comment) values(1,'192.168.0.42',3306,1,2000,10,'TESTuser');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;+--------------+-----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+----------------+---------+| hostgroup_id | hostname| port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_relication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |+--------------+-----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+----------------+---------+| 0| 192.168.0.9| 3306 | ONLINE | 1| 0 | 2000| 10 | 0 | 0| TESTuser|| 1| 192.168.0.42 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1| 0 | 2000| 10 | 0 | 0| TESTuser|+--------------+-----------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+--------------------+---------+----------------+---------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3.mysql主库上添加proxysql监控账号及应用程序操作账号
mysql master上执行，注意应用程序操作账号根据实际情况授予权限，最好只授权给proxysql主机
语法如下：

grant usage on *.* to 'proxysql'@'192.168.8.24' identified by 'ProxySQL@20191226';grant select, insert, update, delete ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'192.168.8.24' identified by 'TESTuser@20191226';flush privileges;select host,user from mysql.user;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> grant usage on *.* to 'proxysql'@'192.168.8.24' identified by 'ProxySQL@20191226';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> grant select, insert, update, delete ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'192.168.8.24' identified by 'TESTuser@20191226';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select host,user from mysql.user;+-----------+------------------+| host| user |+-----------+------------------+| % | TESTuser_data_servic || % | TESTuser_rule_rw || 192.168.8.24 | proxysql || 192.168.8.24 | testuser || 127.0.0.1 | root || localhost | mysql.sys|| localhost | root |+-----------+------------------+7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

4.proxysql上添加应用操作账号
proxysql上执行，注意应用账号授权给主hostgroup，这里是0
语法如下：

insert into mysql_users(username,password,active,default_hostgroup) values ('testuser','TESTuser@20191226',1,0);select * from mysql_users;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,active,default_hostgroup) values ('testuser','TESTuser@20191226',1,0);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_users;+----------+---------------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+| username | password| active | use_ssl | default_hostgroup | default_schema | schema_locked | transaction_persistent | fast_forward | backend | frontend | max_connections |+----------+---------------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+| testuser | TESTuser@20191226 | 1| 0 | 0 | NULL | 0 | 1| 0| 1 | 1| 10000 |+----------+---------------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意：要是是用明文密码设置mysql_users，在这里可以用save命令来转换成了hash值的密码

语法如下：

save mysql users to mem;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to mem;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select username,password from mysql_users;+----------+-------------------------------------------+| username | password|+----------+-------------------------------------------+| testuser | *59D7241B6C5F951F331FF88505C582CBCD42482F |+----------+-------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5.设置监控账号
proxysql上操作，账号密码与mysql主库上账号密码保持一致
语法如下：

update global_variables set variable_value='proxysql' where variable_name='mysql-monitor_username';update global_variables set variable_value='ProxySQL@20191226' where variable_name='mysql-monitor_password';

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> update global_variables set variable_value='proxysql' where variable_name='mysql-monitor_username';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> update global_variables set variable_value='ProxySQL@20191226' where variable_name='mysql-monitor_password';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

6.应用到线上
proxysql上操作
语法如下：

load mysql servers to runtime;load mysql users to runtime;load mysql variables to runtime;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7.持久化
proxysql上操作
语法如下：

save mysql servers to disk;save mysql users to disk;save mysql variables to disk;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;Query OK, 97 rows affected (0.02 sec)

8.自动读写分离配置
proxysql上操作，定义路由规则，如：除select * from tb for update的select全部发送到slave，其他的的语句发送到master。

语法如下：

insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',0,1);insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT',1,1);load mysql query rules to runtime;save mysqlquery rules to disk;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',0,1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(1,'^SELECT',1,1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)MySQL [(none)]> save mysqlquery rules to disk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

说明：active表示是否启用这个sql路由项，match_pattern就是我们正则匹配项，destination_hostgroup表示我们要将该类sql转发到哪些mysql上面去，apply为1表示该正则匹配后，将不再接受其他匹配，直接转发。

9.客户端测试效果
连接数据库，通过proxysql的客户端接口访问(6033)

[root@VM_8_24_centos ~]# mysql -utestuser -pTESTuser@20191226 -h 127.0.0.1 -P6033Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+-------------------------+| Database|+-------------------------+| information_schema|| mysql || performance_schema|| TESTuser_data_services_dev|| TESTuser_data_services_test || TESTuser_rule |+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.01 sec)MySQL [(none)]> use TESTuser_rule;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedMySQL [TESTuser_rule]> show tables;+-------------------------------+| Tables_in_TESTuser_rule |+-------------------------------+| organ_1_b_12|| organ_1_b_13|| organ_1_b_14|| organ_1_b_15|| organ_1_b_16|| organ_1_b_19|+-------------------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)MySQL [TESTuser_rule]> select * from organ_1_b_12;+----+--------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+---------+-----------+---------------------+| id | t0 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 | t5 | t6 | t7 | t8 | t9 | t10| t11| t12| t13| t14| t15| t16| t17| t18| t19| user_id | nick_name | created |+----+--------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+---------+-----------+---------------------+|1 | 513427199402063414 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | admin | 2018-10-31 11:50:38 ||2 | 140502198811102244 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | admin | 2018-10-31 14:35:36 |+----+--------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+---------+-----------+---------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10.proxysql统计效果
通过proxysql接口正常操作数据，从管理接口看看ProxySQL的统计信息：
语法如下：

select Command,Total_Time_us,Total_cnt from stats_mysql_commands_counters where Total_cnt >0;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> select Command,Total_Time_us,Total_cnt from stats_mysql_commands_counters where Total_cnt >0;+---------+---------------+-----------+| Command | Total_Time_us | Total_cnt |+---------+---------------+-----------+| SELECT| 5650| 3 || SHOW| 7044| 4 |+---------+---------------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看各类SQL的执行情况
语法如下：

select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;

例子：

MySQL [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+| hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text| count_star | first_seen | last_seen| sum_time | min_time | max_time |+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+| 1 | TESTuser_rule| testuser | 0x504CF0771C9E548B | select * from organ_1_b_12 | 1| 1577341448 | 1577341448 | 3746 | 3746 | 3746 || 0 | TESTuser_rule| testuser | 0x99531AEFF718C501 | show tables| 2| 1577341415 | 1577341425 | 2252 | 669| 1583 || 1 | information_schema | testuser | 0x620B328FE9D6D71A | SELECT DATABASE()| 1| 1577341415 | 1577341415 | 1904 | 1904 | 1904 || 0 | information_schema | testuser | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 1| 1577341374 | 1577341374 | 2326 | 2326 | 2326 || 0 | TESTuser_rule| testuser | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 1| 1577341415 | 1577341415 | 2466 | 2466 | 2466 || 0 | information_schema | testuser | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 1| 1577341364 | 1577341364 | 0| 0| 0|+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.通过clb解决proxysql单点故障并负债均衡
内网clb 192.168.9.27 tcp 6033端口到192.168.8.24 6033端口，其他proxysql绑定即可。

[root@VM_0_26_centos ~]# mysql -utestuser -p -h 192.168.9.27 -P6033Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2699Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MySQL [(none)]> show databases;+-------------------------+| Database|+-------------------------+| information_schema|| mysql || performance_schema|| TESTuser_data_services_dev|| TESTuser_data_services_test || TESTuser_rule |+-------------------------+7 rows in set (0.01 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;+------------------+-----------+| user | host|+------------------+-----------+| TESTuser_data_servic | % || TESTuser_rule_rw | % || proxysql | 192.168.8.24 || testuser | 192.168.8.24 || root | 127.0.0.1 || mysql.sys| localhost || root | localhost |+------------------+-----------+7 rows in set (0.01 sec)