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MySQL的在RC和RR模式下的锁[ mysql数据库 ]

mysql数据库时间：2024-12-25 09:56:50

作者：文/会员上传

如何提高mysql查询效率

简介：

InnoDB的锁机制：数据库使用所是为了支持更好的并发，提供数据的完整性和一致性。InnoDB是一个支持锁的存储引擎，锁的类型有：共享锁（S）、排它锁（X）、意向共享锁（IS）、意向排它锁（IX）。为了

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InnoDB的锁机制：

数据库使用所是为了支持更好的并发，提供数据的完整性和一致性。InnoDB是一个支持锁的存储引擎，锁的类型有：共享锁（S）、排它锁（X）、意向共享锁（IS）、意向排它锁（IX）。为了支持更好的并发，InnoDB提供了非锁定读：不需要等待访问行上的锁释放，读取行的一个快照。该方法是通过InnoDB的一个特写：MVCC实现的。

InnoDB的锁分类：

Record Lock：行锁：单个行记录上的行锁

Gap Lock：间隙锁，锁定一个范围，但不包括记录本身

Next-Key Lock：Gap+Record Lock，锁定一个范围，并且锁定记录本身

无索引+RC/RR

当对无索引的字段进行更新时（RR级别），通过锁主键的方式，来锁住所有记录，RC级别不会锁所有记录。

构建表及初始化数据：

mysql -uroot -pUSE test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_none;CREATE TABLE `t_none` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,  `mem_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_none VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);

REPEATABLE-READ（RR）默认级别

Session A

Session B

root@localhost[zjkj]:10:53:18>prompt A>>

PROMPT set to 'A>>'

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

root@localhost[(none)]:11:02:58>prompt B>>

PROMPT set to 'B>>'

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_none;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select * from t_none;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

A>> select * from t_none where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

B>>insert into t_none values(2,2);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

B>>delete from t_none where id=9;

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

show engin inondb status部分输出：

------------

TRANSACTIONS

------------

Trx id counter 10661

Purge done for trx's n:o < 10659 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle

History list length 351

Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 2

LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:

---TRANSACTION 10588, not started

MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f6f5085c700, query id 339 localhost root init

show engine innodb status

---TRANSACTION 10660, ACTIVE 17 sec inserting

mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 1 row lock(s)

MySQL thread id 11, OS thread handle 0x7f6f508de700, query id 338 localhost root update

insert into t_none values(2,2)

------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 17 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 68 page no 3 n bits 72 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`t_none` trx id 10660 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting

结论：通过上面很容易的看到，没有通过索引for update时，当进行增删改都会锁住，MySQL内部会通过基于锁默认主键方式，对所有记录加X锁。

下面是RC级别的实验

Read Committed级别（RC）

Session A

Session B

A>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_none where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

B>>insert into t_none values(2,2);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

B>>select * from t_none;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 2 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec

A>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

结论：在RC级别下，事务B是可以进行增删改（除被锁定的记录本身）

非唯一索引+RR/RC

在RR级别下，InnoDB对于非唯一索引会加Gap Lock（也即锁定一个区间），而在RC级别下无。

构造初始化表及数据：

mysql -uroot -pUSE test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_idx;CREATE TABLE `t_idx` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,  `mem_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),   KEY `idx_mem_id` (`mem_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_idx VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);

REPEATABLE-READ（RR）默认级别（RR模式）

Session A

Session B

root@localhost[(none)]:06:01:59>use test;

root@localhost[zjkj]:10:53:18>prompt A>>

PROMPT set to 'A>>'

root@localhost[(none)]:06:01:59>use test;

root@localhost[(none)]:11:02:58>prompt B>>

PROMPT set to 'B>>'

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| REPEATABLE-READ |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| REPEATABLE-READ |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_idx;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

B>>select * from t_idx;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_idx where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.05 sec)

B>>insert into t_idx values(2,2);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

#问题？这里为什么会出现阻塞呢？

B>>insert into t_idx values(4,4);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

#问题？这里为什么会出现阻塞呢？

B>>insert into t_idx values(3,3);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

B>>insert into t_idx values(5,5);

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '5' for key 'PRIMARY'

B>>insert into t_idx values(1,1);

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'

#######下面插入全部可以######

B>>insert into t_idx values(6,6);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_idx values(7,7);

B>>insert into t_idx values(8,8);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

B>>insert into t_idx values(12,12);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>select * from t_idx;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 |

| 7 | 7 |

| 8 | 8 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

| 12 | 12 |

+----+--------+

9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

show engine inondb status部分输出：

------------

TRANSACTIONS

------------

Trx id counter 11044

Purge done for trx's n:o < 11041 undo n:o < 0 state: running but idle

History list length 372

Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 5

LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:

---TRANSACTION 0, not started

MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7fd0430df700, query id 47 localhost root init

show engine innodb status

---TRANSACTION 11039, ACTIVE 228 sec inserting

mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 1248, 3 row lock(s), undo log entries 4

MySQL thread id 1, OS thread handle 0x7fd064099700, query id 45 localhost root update

insert into t_idx values(4,4)

Trx read view will not see trx with id >= 11040, sees < 11038

------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 22 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:

RECORD LOCKS space id 70 page no 4 n bits 80 index `idx_mem_id` of table `test`.`t_idx` trx id 11039 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waitin

结论：通过上面可以看到，通过非唯一索引字段进行更新时，在进行增删改时，有的记录会出现阻塞，为什么会出现阻塞呢？其实就是用到了MySQL的间隙锁。那MySQL这里为什么要用间隙锁呢？目的主要是防止幻读。那为什么有的记录可以插入有的不可以，因为InnoDB对于行的查询时采用了Next-Key Lock的算法，锁定的是一个范围（GAP）如下：（∞,1]，(1,3]，(3,5]，(5,9]，(9,11]，(11, ∞)。InnoDB对辅助索引下一个键值也要加上Gap Lock，例如上面进行插入2、4、1、3、5时，就可以看出，其实锁住的区间是(1,5)。Read Committed级别（RC）

Session A

Session B

A>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_idx where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 3 |

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_idx values(1,1);

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'

B>>insert into t_idx values(2,2);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_idx values(3,3);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

B>>insert into t_idx values(4,4);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

结论：在RC级别下，事务B是可以进行增删改（除被锁定的记录本身），没有出现间隙锁的现象。

唯一索引+RR/RC

构造初始化表及数据：

mysql -uroot –puse test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_pk;CREATE TABLE `t_pk` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `mem_id` int(11) NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),  UNIQUE  `uq_mem_id` (`mem_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_pk VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);

root@localhost[(none)]:10:04:34>use test;

root@localhost[test]:10:04:41>prompt A>>

PROMPT set to 'A>>'

root@localhost[(none)]:10:04:37>use test;

root@localhost[test]:10:04:52>prompt B>>

PROMPT set to 'B>>'

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| REPEATABLE-READ |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| REPEATABLE-READ |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_pk;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select * from t_pk;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_pk where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(2,2);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(4,4);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(3,3);

ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction

B>>insert into t_pk values(5,5);

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '5' for key 'PRIMARY'

B>>insert into t_pk values(7,7);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

同理，我们可以推导出主键也是一样的。实验的话我就略了，其实就是将上面的mem_id改成id即可。

A>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_pk where id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(2,2);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(4,4);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

A>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>rollback;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

B>>set @@session.tx_isolation="read-committed";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select @@session.tx_isolation;

+------------------------+

| @@session.tx_isolation |

+------------------------+

| READ-COMMITTED |

+------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

A>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

B>>begin;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_pk;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

B>>select * from t_pk;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 1 | 1 |

| 3 | 3 |

| 5 | 5 |

| 9 | 9 |

| 11 | 11 |

+----+--------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

A>>select * from t_pk where mem_id=3 for update;

+----+--------+

| id | mem_id |

+----+--------+

| 3 | 3 |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(2,2);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

B>>insert into t_pk values(4,4),(6,6),(10,10);

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

主键+RR/RC

这跟唯一索引+RR/RC是一样的，请参看上面的唯一索引+RR/RC。

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