查看字符集参数变量:

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----------+
| Variable_name| Value
|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----------+
| character_set_client | gbk
|
| character_set_connection | gbk
|
| character_set_database| gbk
|
| character_set_filesystem | binary
|
| character_set_results| gbk
|
| character_set_server | utf8
|
| character_set_system | utf8
|
| character_sets_dir| C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share
\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


character_set系列参数的解释:
· character_set_client
来自客户端的语句的字符集。
· character_set_connection
用于没有字符集导入符的文字和数字－字符串转换。
· character_set_database
默认数据库使用的字符集。当默认数据库更改时，服务器则设置该变量。如果没有默认数据库，变量的值同character_set_server。
· character_set_results
用于向客户端返回查询结果的字符集。
· character_set_ server
服务器的默认字符集。
· character_set_system
服务器用来保存识别符的字符集。该值一定是utf8。
· character_sets_dir
字符集安装目录。
· collation_connection
连接字符集的校对规则。
· collation_database
默认数据库使用的校对规则。当默认数据库改变时服务器则设置该变量。如果没有默认数据库，变量的值同collation_server。
·collation_server
服务器的默认校对规则。

支持的字符集有:
mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation| Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese| big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European| dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850| DOS West European| cp850_general_ci| 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European| hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r| KOI8-R Relcom Russian| koi8r_general_ci| 1 |
| latin1| cp1252 West European| latin1_swedish_ci| 1 |
| latin2| ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci| 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish| swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii| US ASCII| ascii_general_ci| 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci| 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci| 2 |
| hebrew| ISO 8859-8 Hebrew| hebrew_general_ci| 1 |
| tis620| TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr| EUC-KR Korean| euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u| KOI8-U Ukrainian| koi8u_general_ci| 1 |
| gb2312| GB2312 Simplified Chinese| gb2312_chinese_ci| 2 |
| greek| ISO 8859-7 Greek| greek_general_ci| 1 |
| cp1250| Windows Central European| cp1250_general_ci| 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5| ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci| 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode| utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode| ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866| DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci| 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce| Mac Central European| macce_general_ci| 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European| macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852| DOS Central European| cp852_general_ci| 1 |
| latin7| ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci| 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode| utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251| Windows Cyrillic| cp1251_general_ci| 1 |
| utf16| UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci| 4 |
| cp1256| Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci| 1 |
| cp1257| Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci| 1 |
| utf32| UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci| 4 |
| binary| Binary pseudo charset| binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian| geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932| SJIS for Windows Japanese| cp932_japanese_ci| 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese| eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.11 sec)

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