在测试环境搭建完基于GTID的双主环境后，启动数据库报错：

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.........The server quit without updating PID[FAILED]usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.pid).


查看错误日志/var/log/mysqld.log，发现有如下信息:

2017-05-11 09:08:38 56355 [Note] Audit Plugin: Init completed successfully.
2017-05-11 09:08:38 56355 [ERROR] --gtid-mode=ON or UPGRADE_STEP_1 or UPGRADE_STEP_2 requires --log-bin and --log-slave-updates
2017-05-11 09:08:38 56355 [ERROR] Aborting


说明如下:
gtid_mode=ON,log_slave_updates,enforce_gtid_consistency这三个参数一定要同时在my.cnf中配置。否则在mysql.err中会出现如下的报错


2015-02-26 17:11:08 32147 [ERROR] --gtid-mode=ON or UPGRADE_STEP_1 or UPGRADE_STEP_2 requires --log-bin and --log-slave-updates


2015-02-26 17:13:53 32570 [ERROR] --gtid-mode=ON or UPGRADE_STEP_1 requires --enforce-gtid-consistency


修改/etc/my.cnf，加入以下内容:
gtid-mode = on
log-slave-updates=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON


再次启动数据库后，再无报错：


[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.....[ OK ]




[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u mdba -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.27-log Source distribution


Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


查看gtid模式:


mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name| Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | OFF|
| enforce_gtid_consistency| ON|
| gtid_executed||
| gtid_mode| ON|
| gtid_owned ||
| gtid_purged ||
| simplified_binlog_gtid_recovery | OFF|
+---------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

GTID相关参数
参数 comment
gtid_executed执行过的所有GTID
gtid_purged丢弃掉的GTID
gtid_modegtid模式
gtid_nextsession级别的变量，下一个gtid
gtid_owned正在运行的gtid
enforce_gtid_consistency保证GTID安全的参数


GTID复制的限制:
GTID 模式实例和非GTID模式实例是不能进行复制的，要求非常严格，要么都是GTID，要么都不是
gtid_mode 是只读的，要改变状态必须1)关闭实例、2)修改配置文件、3) 重启实例
在同一事务中更新事务表与非事务表将导致多个GTIDs分配给同一事务
无法使用CREATE TABLE ... SELECT statements语句
无法在事务中对非事务存储引擎进行更新
无法在事务中使用CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE