1. 基础安装环境，采用mysql5.6.22和keepalived-1.2.15版本安装mysql高可用

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[root@xxt01 ~]#groupadd mysql

[root@xxt01 ~]#useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /opt/mysql mysql

2.3 检查 mysql账号

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[root@xxt01 ~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql

[root@xxt01 ~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data

2.4.1 执行cmake：

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mysql> show master status;

+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-binlog.000002 | 624556 | | | |

+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

master 同步操作，参数Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running为YES时表示成功，同时无其他错误

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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'10.6.0.203' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='10.6.0.204',master_user='slave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-binlog.000002',master_log_pos=624556;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.6.0.204
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 624556
Relay_Log_File: xxt01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 286
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 624556
Relay_Log_Space: 459
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: aa208c56-216f-11e6-ace3-000c29065661
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.配置keepalived ，实现主从自动切换原理：keepalived用来解决单点故障，提供vrrp（虚拟路由冗余协议）以及healthcheck功能，提供一个vip虚拟ip；keepalived的作用是检测服务器的状态，当其中一台服务器出现问题，则将它从组中剔除，恢复后再将它加进来

服务安装，同时保持master和slave服务配置相同。

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[root@xxt01 ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

[root@xxt01 keepalived-1.2.15]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

[root@xxt01 keepalived-1.2.15]# make && make install

[root@xxt01 etc]# cp -a /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

[root@xxt01 etc]# cp -a /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

[root@xxt01 etc]#mkdir /etc/keepalived/

[root@xxt01 etc]# cp -a /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

[root@xxt01 etc]# cp -a /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

4.1 修改203的 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 文件

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! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

notification_email {

acassen@firewall.loc

failover@firewall.loc

sysadmin@firewall.loc

}

notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

smtp_server 192.168.200.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

10.6.0.205

}

}

# set mysqld

virtual_server 10.6.0.205 3306 {

delay_loop 6

lb_algo wrr

lb_kind DR

persistence_timeout 50

protocol TCP

real_server 10.6.0.203 3306 {

weight 3

notify_down /etc/keepalived/killkeepalived.sh

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 3306

}

}

}

4.2配置 killkeepalived.sh

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[root@xxt01 etc]# vi /etc/keepalived/killkeepalived.sh

#!/bin/sh

pkill keepalived

4.3 分别检查mater和slave的/var/log/message日志，分别做启停mysqld服务测试，信息如下表示服务正常。

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203 master 服务器

May 24 15:47:38 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: Configuration is using : 63545 Bytes

May 24 15:47:38 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

May 24 15:47:38 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]

May 24 15:47:38 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

May 24 15:47:38 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Activating healthchecker for service [10.6.0.203]:3306

May 24 15:47:39 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

May 24 15:47:40 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

May 24 15:47:40 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

May 24 15:47:40 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.205 added

May 24 15:47:40 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 15:47:45 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 15:56:27 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

May 24 15:56:27 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

May 24 15:56:27 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

May 24 15:56:27 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.205 removed

May 24 16:01:28 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

May 24 16:01:29 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

May 24 16:01:29 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

May 24 16:01:29 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 16:01:29 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.205 added

May 24 16:01:34 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 16:08:36 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert

May 24 16:08:36 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

May 24 16:08:36 xxt01 Keepalived_vrrp[14242]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

May 24 16:08:36 xxt01 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14241]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.205 removed

204 slave 服务器

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived[15014]: Starting Keepalived v1.2.15 (05/24,2016)

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived[15015]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=15016

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived[15015]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=15017

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.204 added

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe06:5661 added

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.204 added

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe06:5661 added

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Configuration is using : 11978 Bytes

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Configuration is using : 63545 Bytes

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Activating healthchecker for service [10.6.0.204]:3306

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

May 24 16:08:36 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election

May 24 16:08:37 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

May 24 16:08:37 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

May 24 16:08:37 xxt02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15016]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.6.0.205 added

May 24 16:08:37 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 16:08:42 xxt02 Keepalived_vrrp[15017]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.6.0.205

May 24 16:10:14 xxt02 yum[15023]: Installed: 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64

4.4检查服务

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[root@xxt01 mysql]# nmap 10.6.0.205

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-05-24 16:14 CST

mass_dns: warning: Unable to determine any DNS servers. Reverse DNS is disabled. Try using --system-dns or specify valid servers with --dns-servers

Nmap scan report for 10.6.0.205

Host is up (0.00029s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

111/tcp open rpcbind

3306/tcp open mysql

MAC Address: 00:0C:29:06:56:61 (VMware)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.21 seconds

[root@xxt01 mysql]# nmap 10.6.0.203

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-05-24 16:15 CST

mass_dns: warning: Unable to determine any DNS servers. Reverse DNS is disabled. Try using --system-dns or specify valid servers with --dns-servers

Nmap scan report for 10.6.0.203

Host is up (0.0000050s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

111/tcp open rpcbind

3306/tcp open mysql

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.08 seconds

[root@xxt01 mysql]#

[root@xxt01 mysql]# nmap 10.6.0.205

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-05-24 16:14 CST

mass_dns: warning: Unable to determine any DNS servers. Reverse DNS is disabled. Try using --system-dns or specify valid servers with --dns-servers

Nmap scan report for 10.6.0.205

Host is up (0.00029s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

111/tcp open rpcbind

3306/tcp open mysql

MAC Address: 00:0C:29:06:56:61 (VMware)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.21 seconds

[root@xxt01 mysql]# nmap 10.6.0.203

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-05-24 16:15 CST

mass_dns: warning: Unable to determine any DNS servers. Reverse DNS is disabled. Try using --system-dns or specify valid servers with --dns-servers

Nmap scan report for 10.6.0.203

Host is up (0.0000050s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

111/tcp open rpcbind

3306/tcp open mysql

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.08 seconds

[root@xxt01 mysql]#