使用mysqldump备份异机恢复数据库

1、创建测试数据库
mysql> create database allen;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use allen;
Database changed
mysql> create table tab1 (ID tinyint unsigned not null primary key auto_increment,Name char(20) not null unique key,Age tinyint unsigned,Gender char(1) default 'M');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)

mysql> insert into tab1 (Name,Age,Gender) values ('Zhang WuJi',26,'M'),('Zhao Min',24,'F');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0


2、完全备份allen数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -puplooking --lock-all-tables --routines --events --triggers --master-data=2 --flush-logs --databases allen > /backup/allen_`date +

%F`.sql


3、基于二进制日志（上一次完全备份到目前日志所处的位置）做增量备份
mysql> create table tab2 (ID tinyint unsigned not null primary key auto_increment,Name char(20) not null unique key,Age tinyint unsigned,Gender char(1) default 'M');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec)

mysql> insert into tab2 (Name,Age,Gender) values ('Liang ShanBo',26,'M'),('Zhu YingTai',24,'F'),(3,'Feng Songtao',25,M);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show master status; --增量备份时日志位置
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 | 812 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

[root@mysql ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 /binlog/mysql-bin.000006 > /backup/allen_increment.sql
说明：--start-position=107 是上一次完备时日志的位置（可以查看完备文件内容得到），缺省--stop-position参数时默认到当前日志


4、再次向allen数据库中插入数据，然后删除allen数据库
mysql> insert into tab2 (Name,Age,Gender) values ('Zhu BaJie',26,'M'),('Sun WuKong',24,'F');
mysql> drop database allen;


5、导出从上次增量备份时日志到要恢复的时间点（删除allen数据库之前）之间的日志
[root@mysql ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=812 --stop-position=1084 /binlog/mysql-bin.000006 > /backup/allen_1084.sql
说明：1、--start-position=812为上面查看获得，--stop-position=1084从二进制日志记录获得
2、/backup/allen_1084.sql文件可以修改，如果这段日志中间存在误操作（如删除一条数据），可以将该误操作注释掉


6、将备份的文件拷贝到要恢复的数据库服务器，进行恢复
[root@mysql ~]# scp -p /backup/allen_* 192.168.122.11:/backup/
目标服务器上进行数据恢复
mysql> source /backup/allen_2016-06-25.sql
mysql> source /backup/allen_increment.sql
mysql> source /backup/allen_1084.sql

7、查看数据
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| allen |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> use allen
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_allen |
+-----------------+
| tab1 |
| tab2 |
+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tab2;
+----+--------------+------+--------+
| ID | Name | Age | Gender |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
| 1 | Liang ShanBo | 26 | M |
| 2 | Zhu YingTai | 24 | F |
| 3 | Feng Songtao | 25 | M |
| 4 | Sun WuKong | 24 | F |
+----+--------------+------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
注：tab2表中没有Zhu BaJie这条数据记录是因为我对/backup/allen_1084.sql做了修改，如下：
#insert into tab2 (Name,Age,Gender) values ('Zhu BaJie',26,'M'),('Sun WuKong',24,'F')
insert into tab2 (Name,Age,Gender) values ('Sun WuKong',24,'F')