在此Linux下全新安装配置Mysql、Apache2、PHP，解决在安装Mysql时出现的报错：Character set 'gbk' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file

在安装mysql后可以在下面目录找到mysql的相关安装配置信息说明/usr/local/mysql/info/mysql.info

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在此Linux下全新安装配置Mysql、Apache2、PHP，解决在安装Mysql时出现的报错：Character set 'gbk' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file

在安装mysql后可以在下面目录找到mysql的相关安装配置信息说明/usr/local/mysql/info/mysql.info

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1.检查系统及内核状态
[root@app /]# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant)
Kernel r on an m
[root@app /]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.9-5.ELsmp (bhcompile@decompose.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.4.3 20041212 (Red Hat 3.4.3-9.EL4)) #1 SMP Wed Jan 5 19:30:39 EST 2005
[root@app /]# uname -r
2.6.9-5.ELsmp
1.1查看CPU及MEM
[root@app /]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5130 @ 2.00GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5130 @ 2.00GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5130 @ 2.00GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5130 @ 2.00GHz
[root@app /]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4147280 kB
1.2操作系统位数
[root@app /]# getconf LONG_BIT
32
[root@app /]# ldd /sbin/mii-tool
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x0097e000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00965000)

2.准备好安装包
mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz
php-4.4.7.tar.gz

3.进行安装配置
3.1检查系统是否已经安装相应的Mysql,php,apache软件包
# rpm -qa | grep mysql 和# rpm -qa | grep MySQL
rpm -q -a|grep -i mysql
rpm -q -a|grep -i httpd
rpm -q -a|grep -i php
如果没有返回以mysql或MySQL打头的信息,则说明没有安装.如果已经安装,则可以直接使用或更换新版本
卸载方法:
# rpm -e mysql-xxxxxx
# rpm -e httpd-xxxxxx
# rpm -e php-xxxxxx
遇到依赖性问题而无法卸载，可以使用--nodeps或—force强制卸载.不过最好慎用.
rpm -e --nodeps httpd
rpm -e --nodeps php
3.2进行安装
cp mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz /tmp
cp mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz /tmp
cp httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz /tmp
cp php-4.4.7.tar.gz /tmp
3.3 Mysql-5.0.45版本的安装
cd /tmp
tar xvfz mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd /mysql-5.0.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=gbk --with-charset=gbk --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql
make
make install
指定字符类型为gbk 进行编译安装

#prefix=/usr/local/mysql mysql安装的目标目录

#sysconfdir=/etc my.cnf配置文件的路径

#localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql 数据库存放的路径

安装完以后要初始化数据库，当然你是升级的话不用做这步；

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h app.shunde.gov.cn password 'new-password'
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
信息有提示将
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '******'
启动Mysql进行测试
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld status
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
如果大家还是不能启动不了的话，那就用我的比较繁琐的权限的设置，反正我每次都是这么做的，一般不会有问题，见下：
chown -R root /usr/local/mysql
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/bin
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin
chgrp -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql
chown -R root /var/lib/mysql/mysql
chgrp -R mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql
chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql/mysql
chown -R root /var/lib/mysql/mysql/*
chgrp -R mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql/*
chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/*
chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

其下可能还有如下错误出现
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin: Character set 'gbk' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the

'/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Can't initialize character set gbk (path: /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/)

现在找到该解决办法是打mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz补丁包
cd /tmp
tar xvfz mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
cp /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/old_mysql
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql
cp mysql-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
重新启动Mysql，没有出现gbk的报错

继续修改/etc/my.cnf的参数配置，将default-character-set=gbk增加在如下位置
[client]
default-character-set=gbk
[mysqld]
default-character-set=gbk
重新启动Mysql
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld restart
登录Mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p******
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | gbk |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | gbk |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
如上图所示改成所需字符类型gbk
[root@app bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlshow -uroot -p******
[root@app bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlcheck -A -uroot -p******
3.3.1转移mysql数据，先从旧库导出成*.sql,然后导入到新库
[root@house ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p****** db1 >/opt/db1_bakup.20080304.sql
[root@house ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p****** db2 >/opt/db2_bakup.20080304.sql

[root@house ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p****** db1 < /opt/db1_bakup.20080304.sql
[root@house ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p****** db2 < /opt/db2_bakup.20080304.sql

3.4安装Apache-2.2.4
cd /tmp
tar xvfz httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz
cd /httpd-2.2.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-module=so --enable-module=rewrite --enable-shared=max
--启动apache
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
--关闭apache
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop

3.5安装php-4.4.7
cd /tmp
tar xvfz php-4.4.7.tar.gz
cd / php-4.4.7
[root@app php-4.4.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-force-cgi-redirect --with-freetype-dir=/usr --with-png-

dir=/usr --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-ttf --with-gdbm --with-gettext --with-iconv --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png --with-zlib --with-xml --

enable-calendar --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
make
make install
3.5.1 配置php.ini
/usr/local/php/lib/php.ini