CentOS 6 下RPM方式安装MySQL5.6

1. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS6.7_64对应的RPM包，如下：
[root@mysql ~]# ll
总用量 113808
-rw-------. 1 root root 1434 12月 1318:47 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42556 12月 13 18:47 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10033 12月 13 18:45 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23135399 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4586217 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 88715219 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

2. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*
已加载插件：fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit, security
设置移除进程
解决依赖关系
。。。。。
完毕！

3. 安装MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]

4. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db -- mysql_install_db脚本来生成帐户和相应权限许可表
WARNING: The host 'mysql' could not be looked up with /usr/bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
。。省略输出。。
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret --查看root账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Dec 13 18:59:06 2016 (localtime): 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: --（此处复制粘贴 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.25

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
说明： 出现mysql>表示一切顺利成功。
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); --设置密码为123456

5. 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| mysql | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| ::1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit

6. 设置开机自启动
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭

7. MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本

8. 更改MySQL目录与字符集

[root@mysql ~]# cd /home --home目录下建立data目录
[root@mysql home]# mkdir data
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql stop --把MySQL服务进程停掉
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql home]# mv /var/lib/mysql /home/data --把/var/lib/mysql整个目录移到/home/data

如果/etc/目录下没有my.cnf配置文件，请到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf文件，拷贝其中一个到/etc/并改名为my.cnf)中
[root@mysql ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf --修改配置文件位置

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket　 =/home/data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1
#(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
socket　 =/home/data/mysql/mysql.sock

查看字符集
show variables like '%collation%';
show variables like '%char%';

9. 修改MySQL启动脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

最后，需要修改MySQL启动脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql，把其中datadir=/var/lib/mysql一行中，等号右边的路径改成你现在的实际存放路径：home/data/mysql。
[root@test1 etc]# vi　/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql　　　　（注释此行）
datadir=/home/data/mysql　　 （加上此行）

10. 重新启动MySQL服务
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
OK 一切成功