步骤：

1、创建目标路径

mkdir -p /home/mysql_data

2、关闭MySQL

systemctl stop mysqld

3、复制数据文件

cp -arp /var/lib/mysql /home/mysql_data

4、修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf

将datadir和socket中的原路径修改为目标路径

datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysqlsocket=/home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock

5、启动MySQL服务

systemctl start mysqld

NOTE:

1、报错如下：

2019-12-22T08:32:42.430564Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430599Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430616Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430898Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The innodb_temporary data file 'ibtmp1' must be writable
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430923Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The innodb_temporary data file 'ibtmp1' must be writable
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430936Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Could not create the shared innodb_temporary.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430952Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error
2019-12-22T08:32:43.038973Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039021Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039037Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039046Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039056Z 0 [ERROR] Failed to initialize builtin plugins.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039063Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

解决：

执行命令：

setenforce 1

再重新启动

2、报错如下：

Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'

解决：

修改配置文件my.cnf,添加或修改如下配置：

[client]socket=/home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock