mysql 5.6分区表测试：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `my_orders`;
CREATE TABLE `my_orders` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键',
`pid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '产品ID',
`price` decimal(15,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '单价',
`num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
`uid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '客户ID',
`atime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '下单时间',
`utime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '修改时间',
`isdel` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '软删除标识',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`atime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8


/*********分区信息**************/

PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(atime))
(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (2016),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2017),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `my_order`;
CREATE TABLE `my_order` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键',
`pid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '产品ID',
`price` decimal(15,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '单价',
`num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
`uid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '客户ID',
`atime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '下单时间',
`utime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '修改时间',
`isdel` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '软删除标识',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`atime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/**************************向分区表插入数据****************************/

INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2015-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');

/**************************向未分区表插入数据****************************/

INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2015-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2018-05-01 00:00:00'；

/**********************************主从复制大量数据******************************/

INSERT INTO `my_orders`(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) SELECT `pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime` FROM `my_orders`;
INSERT INTO `my_order`(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) SELECT `pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime` FROM `my_order`;

/***************************查询性能分析**************************************/

SELECT * FROM `my_orders` WHERE `uid`=89757 AND `atime`< CURRENT_TIMESTAMP();
/****用时0.084s****/
SELECT * FROM `my_order` WHERE `uid`=89757 AND `atime`< CURRENT_TIMESTAMP();
/****用时0.284s****/
EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM `my_orders` WHERE `uid`=89757 AND `atime`< CURRENT_TIMESTAMP();
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra|
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | my_orders | p0,p1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL| NULL | 16419 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM `my_order` WHERE `uid`=89757 AND `atime`< '2018-05-01 00:00:00';
+----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table| partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra|
+----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | my_order | NULL| ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL| NULL | 32099 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+-------------+
如果查询只有分区键，也可以用到分区裁剪，但没有用到索引
EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM `my_orders` WHERE `id`=36 AND `atime`< CURRENT_TIMESTAMP();;
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra|
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | my_orders | p0,p1 | range | PRIMARY| PRIMARY | 9| NULL |2 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM `my_order` WHERE `id`=36 AND `atime`< CURRENT_TIMESTAMP();;
+----+-------------+----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table| partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra|
+----+-------------+----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | my_order | NULL| range | PRIMARY| PRIMARY | 9| NULL |1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+


如果采用where id and atime查询，则通过主键索引可以查询，且可以用到分区

/*****************HASH 分区表*****************/

CREATE TABLE `msgs` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键',
`sender` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '发送者ID',
`reciver` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '接收者ID',
`msg_type` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '消息类型',
`msg` varchar(225) NOT NULL COMMENT '消息内容',
`atime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '发送时间',
`sub_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '部门ID',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`sub_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

/*********分区信息**************/

PARTITION BY HASH(sub_id)
PARTITIONS 10;

/*****************LIST分区表*********************/

CREATE TABLE `products` (
`id` bigint UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键' ,
`name` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '产品名称' ,
`metrial` tinyint UNSIGNED NOT NULL COMMENT '材质' ,
`weight` double UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '重量' ,
`vol` double UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '容积' ,
`c_id` tinyint UNSIGNED NOT NULL COMMENT '供货公司ID' ,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`c_id`)
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

/*********分区信息**************/

PARTITION BY LIST(c_id)
(
PARTITION pA VALUES IN (1,3,11,13),
PARTITION pB VALUES IN (2,4,12,14),
PARTITION pC VALUES IN (5,7,15,17),
PARTITION pD VALUES IN (6,8,16,18),
PARTITION pE VALUES IN (9,10,19,20)
);
创建分区表：主键索引是分区键的一部分