同事反映，在mysql的一套测试库中执行'show databases;'命令，看不到mysql库
-bash-4.1$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看报错日志，没有什么异常

查看数据文件目录里面的文件和相关操作系统权限，正常，数据文件的目录也正确
mysql> show variables like '%data%';
+----------------------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+------------------------+
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ |
| innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:10M:autoextend |
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
| innodb_stats_on_metadata | ON |
| max_length_for_sort_data | 1024 |
| max_long_data_size | 1048576 |
| myisam_data_pointer_size | 6 |
| skip_show_database | OFF |
| updatable_views_with_limit | YES |
+----------------------------+------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
-bash-4.1$ cd /var/lib/mysql
-bash-4.1$ ls -l
total 28716
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Mar 14 18:02 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Mar 14 18:02 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Jul 21 2016 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 12288 Oct 19 12:04 merlin
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 29 2014 monitor_gui
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 26 2014 mysql
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Mar 14 17:57 mysql.sock
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 12288 Nov 24 2015 nacoma
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 4 2014 ngmdb
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 26 2014 test
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 19 12:06 trapper

在网上查了一下相关的案例，发现与权限表mysql.user表有关

解决方法：
关闭数据库
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

以跳过权限认证方式启动mysql
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables &

删除mysql.user表中host名为'localhost'的记录
mysql> use mysql
mysql> delete from user where host='localhost';
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','root','','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y', 'Y', '','','','',0,0,0,0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再次重启数据库后，正常
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

更改root密码
mysqladmin -u root -proot password djg345