MySQL字符集设置

系统变量：
– character_set_server：默认的内部操作字符集
– character_set_client：客户端来源数据使用的字符集
– character_set_connection：连接层字符集
– character_set_results：查询结果字符集
– character_set_database：当前选中数据库的默认字符集
– character_set_system：系统元数据(字段名等)字符集
– 还有以collation_开头的同上面对应的变量，用来描述字符序。

登陆MySQL数据库:
C:\Users\duansf>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)


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mysql>

一.查看MySQL数据库服务器和数据库MySQL的字符集：
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database| gbk|
| character_set_filesystem | binary|
| character_set_results| utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir| C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


二.查看MySQL数据表（table）的MySQL字符集:

mysql> use test
Database changed


mysql> show table status from test like '%work%';
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length |
Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collat
ion| Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
| workinfo | InnoDB | 10 | Compact|1 | 16384 |16384 |0 |
32768 |9437184 | 4 | 2016-03-07 16:13:51 | NULL| NULL| utf8_g
eneral_ci | NULL || |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+
--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+-------
----------+----------+----------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


三.查看MySQL数据列（column）的MySQL字符集:
mysql> show full columns from workinfo;
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
| Field| Type| Collation| Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges
| Comment |
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
| id| int(10) | NULL| NO| PRI | NULL| auto_increment | select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| name | varchar(20) | utf8_general_ci | NO| | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| type | varchar(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| address | varchar(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| tel | varchar(20) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| wages| int(11) | NULL| YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| contents | tinytext| utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
| extra| text| utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL|| select,insert,u
pdate,references | |
+----------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+----------------
-----------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)


解决字符集通讯设置不匹配的方法：
(修改默认的character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_result)
1. 重新编译mysql和php,mysql加入编译参数 –default-character-set=utf8
2. PHP程序在查询数据库之前，执行mysql_query(”set names utf8;”);
3.修改my.cnf，在[mysqld]中加入init-connect=”set names utf8” (对于超级用户连接该选项无效)
4. 启动mysqld 加入参数 –skip-character-set-client-handshake 忽略客户端字符集